Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that complicates major diseases like myeloid leukemia. Both conditions can lead to morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical significance, trends in sepsis among myeloid leukemia patients remain understudied.
Methods: Nationwide mortality records were obtained from the CDC-WONDER database for U.S. adults aged ≥25 with myeloid leukemia (ICD-10 code C92) and sepsis (ICD-10 codes A40, A41) from 1999 to 2023. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated for variables. Joinpoint analysis was utilized to evaluate annual percent changes (APCs).
Results: From 1999 to 2023, a total of 35,075 deaths were recorded. The overall AAMR showed a modest but statistically significant increase (0.62) per 100,000 (AAPC 0.31; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.53; p = 0.007). Males experienced higher AAMRs (AAPC: 0.17, 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.40; p = 0.113) than females (0.82 vs.0.48) (AAPC: 0.33, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.67; p = 0.056). Time trends within each sex were not statistically significant. The highest overall AAMR was recorded among NH Blacks (0.68), followed by NH Whites (0.64). Regional AAMRs were similar; the Northeast showed the largest decline, while the West increased modestly. The overall AAMR was slightly higher in metropolitan areas (0.64) compared to non-metropolitan areas (0.60). Older adults aged ≥ 65 years consistently exhibited the highest CMRs (1.86). Most deaths occurred in inpatient medical facilities (88.80%).
Conclusion: Trends in sepsis mortality among myeloid leukemia patients increased modestly. Higher trends observed in urban areas and NH Blacks. Declines were observed in the Northeast region.
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